ABSTRACT\n\nThe fluctuation of price and lack of supply in the market is a problem that occurs in shallot commodity in Indonesia. Processing into several products would be able to overcome some of these problems. Shallot paste is one type of processed product that has the potential to be developed for the time being. The purpose of this research was to optimize the process of shallot paste with three factors: salt concentration, citric acid concentration and heating time on physicochemical properties; consumer preferences. The research was designed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The percentage used for salt in the range of 2.5-10.0 %, citric acid 0.5-1.0% and heating time for 10-30 minutes. The shallot paste was analyzed on its responses including water activity, pH, total soluble solids, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin, color, volatile reducing substance, and total plate count. The optimum formula was the addition of salt 6.25%, citric acid 1% for 20 minutes of heating time. This treatment has the value of Aw 0.865, pH 3.31, total soluble solid 22.2, anthocyanin 24.20 ppm, VRS 5,995 ppm, color 21.35 and total plate count 9.5 x101 CFU. The cooking produced using shallot paste had positive response by respondents. The formula can be used by small scale processor in producing shallot paste for commercial production.
This paper shows optimal load planning of three generating units using Genetic Algorithm. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) consists of three basics: reproduction, crossover and mutation. The advantages of GAs over conventional methods are better and reliable solution, high convergence rate, more efficient solution, highly reflective solution. Initially fitness function, population size, binary string corresponding to each variable, cross over probability (Pc) and mutation probability (Pm) are decided. Thereafter GA is used for finding most optimal solution of the economic dispatch of generating units under different value of generation. The performance of system using GA is compared with conventional method for checking the superiority of proposed scheme in terms of tolerance band.
In this paper, we consider the following boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equation with integral boundary conditions. By imposing some suitable conditions on f and g, we obtain the existence of a positive solution to the above problem. The main tool used is well-known Guo-Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. An example is also given to illustrate the main results of this paper.