In the mining sector, risks must be taken into consideration when decisions are made. Results are improved when the impacts of risks are limited (Castro et al., 2008). Every mining project faces numerous social and environmental challenges, and how these issues are managed significantly impacts the end of operations. When extractive projects reach the end of their operating life, stakeholders are confronted with numerous risks (Smith and Underwood, 2000). How the temporal dimension is integrated into the decision making process represents one of the biggest challenges at this stage. In the present work, we start by presenting an analytical procedure to aid in a �dynamic evaluation� and identification of the types of decisions involving risks. We propose a practical decision making assistance tool, the RDRIAM (Rapid Decisional Risk Impact Assessment Method), to assess risks associated with mine closures. The tool is based on FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis), which was chosen due to its dynamic character and its capacity to weigh risks and assess their criticality. Lastly, as will be seen, RDRIAM allows the impact of a decision to be considered at different time horizons.

Background/Aims: Nowadays, minimally invasive approaches have become the first choice surgical method for many abdominal surgical procedures. Patients who previously would have been in the risk group for open surgery have now begun to be assessed in terms of whether they are candidates for minimally invasive surgery. In this article, by combining the facts that the incidence of colorectal cancer accompanied by multiple co-morbidities has increased and that robotic surgery is being used increasingly, it was investigated whether robotic surgery applications were reliable in this group of high-risk patients.\nStudy Design: Retrospective cross sectional study\nMethods: The records of patients with the diagnosis of rectum cancer who underwent surgery between January 2011 and January 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who were older than 65 years, with 2 or more co-morbid diseases, with no neoadjuvant treatment protocol in the preoperative period, and with the tumor localization in the middle or distal rectum were evaluated in the study. In terms of the surgical procedure applied, the patients were divided into 3 groups: laparoscopic (L), robotic (R), and open (O) rectal resection. \nResults: Of the 86 patients included in the study. Forty-one patients (47.6%) underwent open surgery (group O), 29 patients (33.7%) laparoscopic surgery (group L), and 16 patients (18.6%) robotic surgery (group R). The two most common co-morbidities were diabetes mellitus (DM) (65.5%) and hypertension (56.1%). In this study, there were no differences between our groups in terms of postoperative intensive care requirement and early mortality and morbidity rates.\nConclusion: The robotic surgery does not adversely affect early postoperative outcomes, and it can be safely applied to the patient group that is considered to be high-risk due to the presence of co-morbid diseases.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Common predominant symptoms of COVID-19 are cough, fever, fatigue, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. With substantial morbidity and mortality, COVID-19 created global adverse health effects and paralyzed large masses. Healthcare professionals have been on the front lines with high risk of infection since the initial phases of the pandemic. Thus, this new conditions caused by the pandemic has imposed its most drastic impacts on healthcare professionals. In addition to these compelling situation, dental health professionals usually have to work in aerosol creating workplaces. It has been reported that mental health problems have increased among healthcare professionals due to anxiety caused by the risk of contamination with SARS-CoV-2. The oral cavity is easily affected by and responds to stressors, changes in the daily routine and diet. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is one of those responses of the oral mucosa.\nThis report aimed to present and draw attention to Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis cases observed in two dental professionals following 1-month lockdown due to COVID-19.

Legal issues of higher education, particularly of higher juridical education were analyzed in this article. The current regulatory legal framework on the studied issue was reviewed in order to set an effective mechanism of implementing legal regulation norms in the sphere of higher juridical education. Attention was accentuated on modernizing of the current legislation of Ukraine to adapt its norms to the European Union legislation on order to improve and implement progressive programs of higher juridical education development into the national legislation. The existing programs aimed at attractiveness of education system and targeted at strengthening partnership on a global scale, in particular the Erasmus+ and the Horizon 2020 were analyzed. Ways to solve the problems that have arisen for the country\'s entry into the European level of legal education are proposed.

Objective: Scar endometriosis (SE), whose pathophysiology is not fully known, usually occurs as secondary endometriosis with metastasis of endometrial tissue after obstetric and gynecological surgery with hysterectomy. SE can invade all layers in the abdominal wall. In this study, we analyzed patients diagnosed with SE.\nMethods: In the last two years, 21 of 261 patients who underwent mass excision in the abdominal wall were evaluated as SE patients. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, surgical findings and treatments of these patients were evaluated.\nResults: The mean age of the patients was 32.2 (range 20-48) years. 76.2% (n=16) of the patients had a complaint of palpable painful mass in the cesarean incision site at menstrual periods. Extended mass exscision was performed for the treatment of the patients. Abdominal wall muscle involvement was found in 52% (n=11) of the patients, and the defect in muscle fascia was repaired following excision. Polypropylene mesh support was applied in 19% (n=4) of the patients.\nConclusion: Extrapelvic secondary endometriosis in the abdominal wall should be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses at the incision site in women with a history of cesarean incision. These patients should be carefully examined, biopsied, and extensive surgical excision should be planned to prevent recurrence.

The biological role and signaling mechanisms of the Ang-(1�7) and (1-9) [angiotensin-(1�7) and (1-9)] generated by ACE2 have been extensively known. Much research attention has been paid to the intracellular regulation of ACE2 protein because it is known as the COVID19 receptor. In the present study, PSD95 (postsynaptic density 95), a novel interact protein of ACE2, was identified, and their association was characterized further for COVID19 infectivity. We noticed in this study that ACE2 specifically interacts with PDZ1 and 3, domain of PSD95 via ACE2-CT (ACE2 C-terminus), and the last four amino acids [QTSF-COOH805] of ACE2-C terminal tail were determined to be essential for this interaction, as shown by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. The ACE2 tail belongs to the type I PDZ domain which recognize C-terminal peptides with X-(S/T)-X-?? Thr and Ser, respectively, X being any amino acid, and ??being a hydrophobic residue) motifs. Its apical membrane localization and cell growth are disrupted by F805A or the tail deletion mutation. Thus, the modulation of PDZ interaction between PSD95 and ACE2 seems to be a new target point for regulating COVID19 infectivity or its envelope protein toxicity, because ACE2 is known as the virus receptor.

Gout is a chronic disease that has become increasingly prevalent in the past few decades. It is linked to many disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and obesity. At present, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors are widely used for treating gout and hyperuricemia. However, most of these conventional drugs are associated with adverse side-effects, hence phytochemical work has been done to isolate new naturally occurring compounds that have been deemed to be safer than most conventional drugs. Due to its high XO inhibitory activity, cucur atap (B. frutescensns) has the potential to be used as a herbal treatment of gout. Thus, this study was undertaken with the core objective of producing B. frutescens shrubs that can be used to produce cost-effective herbal medicine for the treatment of gout. This study consisted of two parts; The first was identifying B. frutescens genotypes with high XO inhibitory activity, and the second was to discover the best rooting media for air layering propagation of B. frutescens. Extracts from 114 genotypes of B. frutescens were analysed from four provenances across Peninsular Malaysia, and a total of seventeen superior genotypes were identified due to having more than 70% inhibitory activity on XO. Furthermore, it was discovered that air layering is a suitable method for the propagation of B. frutescensns shrubs, with the best rooting media being 50% topsoil + 50% jiffy. This study will not only assist future B. frutescensns plant improvement and plant breeding strategies, but will also serve as a foundation for the establishment of commercial plantations of B. frutescensns, that is able to produce cost-effective herbal treatment for gout.