This study develops a validated model for agribusinesses to measure and manage the brand loyalty of farmer-customers. The Moolla brand loyalty model served as a theoretical foundation and applies 12 selected brand loyalty antecedents in three categories (behavioural, attitudinal and other antecedents) to measure and manage brand loyalty. A geographically stratified convenience sample collected data with a structured questionnaire from 167 farmers in the North West and Free State Provinces of South Africa. The structured model has a good fit (CFI=0.896; GFI=0.964), and agribusiness managers can use it confidently to implement managerial interventions to improve competitiveness via improved brand loyalty marketing strategies. These strategies should include managing towards improving the farmer customers Attitudes (α=0.833) by focusing on the antecedents Communication (0.86), Relationship Proneness (0.75), and Brand affect (0.70). The customers’ Behaviour (α=0.833) also requires managerial interventions using the variables, and their specific contributing antecedents Involvement (0.89), Culture (0.80), and Switching cost (0.79).

This work is to develop a new numerical computational program to determine the effect of using the gas of propulsion at high temperature on the calculation of the thermodynamic and geometric parameters, and application in supersonic nozzle divergent. The used selected gases are the H2, O2, N2, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3, CH4 and air. All parameters depend on the stagnation temperature, supersonic Mach number and the used gas itself. The specific heat at constant pressure change with the temperature and the selected gas. The gas is still considered perfect. It is calorically imperfect and thermally perfect below the threshold of the molecules dissociation. A calculation of the error between the parameters of different gases with air is done for purposes of comparison.

Usage of the aerial photo imagery in the process of the determination of anthropogenic and other influences on the living environment can be useful in numerous fields of research. This way, changes in the environment can be monitored considering soil, vegetation, hydrology, etc. By analyzing historical aerial imagery, with comparison to contemporary imagery, we can get useful and important information for the spatial, ecological and many other changes in the living environment. This method provides the ability to determine the state of elements of the space over the long period, encompassing the time when was not possible to acquire the data from satellite images or some other contemporary sources. Aerial photo images are suitable for mapping spatial phenomena with relatively limited spatial distribution, because, they possess a high level of details and low spatial coverage. With a comparative analysis of aerial photo images, from the past, contemporary aerial photo images and other sources of aerial images, we can get information about the nature and trends of the observed phenomena as well as directions of future actions, considering spotted changes in the environment, whether they are preventive or corrective in the nature. This paper provides an insight into which information we can get, and which directions of action we can choose by analyzing eight spatial elements around Bovan Lake (eastern Serbia) by comparison of historical aerial images and more up to date ones.

The aim of this work is to develop a new numerical model for calculating a supersonic flow and shock parameters around a cone of arbitrary cross-section at high temperature, below the dissociation threshold of the molecules. The developed method consists to divise the cross section at several points, and considering the calculation of the conical shock parameters, as well as the cone surface parameters in each obtained transverse deviation. The flow deviation along each obtained surface is a function of the incidence angle and the inclination formed by this deflection. The flow parameters calculation on the cone surface is done by solving a system of three coupled differential equations with initial condition by the Runge Kutta method. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters through the conical shock in each transverse direction is made by solving a modified oblique shock wave equations at high temperature. The flow calculation accuracy depends on the discretization of the cross-section. The computation of the aerodynamic force and moment on the cone surface is done consequently, giving each three components in the three directions of the movement. The application is for air.

The calculation of the flow parameters at the center of a throat expansion of a supersonic nozzle design in the real gas model is of practical interest in aerospace construction. The expansion center is characterized by the end of an infinite Mach lines which will be discretized by a finite number with continuous increase of Mach number and the PM value with a decrease of the temperature, density and the pressure. The flow parameters must be calculated by determining the inverse of the PM. This function depends on two variables which are the temperature and the density. The aim of this work is to develop a fast algorithm allowing to do the inverse of the PM in the context of real gas model by the determination of the temperature and the density corresponding to the given PM deviation which is itself depends on the flow deviation according to the shape of the supersonic nozzle. The Bernoulli equation must be added to construct two nonlinear algebraic equations with two coupled unknowns. The corresponding Mach number and pressure will be determined by analytic equations. The two equations are presented as integral of four complex functions, where the integration is made by the Gauss Legendre\'s quadrature. The numerical solving of system of equations is done by combining the successive approximation algorithm and the bipartition algorithm. The initial solution is chosen as the parameters corresponding to the previous Mach line to ensure the convergence and accelerate the numerical process. The comparison is made with previous algorithm.

In this paper, we prove (i) if $T$ is class $p$-$wA(s,t)$ operator and\n$\\Tst$ is quasinormal (resp., normal), then $T$ is quasinormal (resp., normal),\n(ii) if $T$ and $T^*$ are class $p$-$wA(s,t)$\noperator, then $T$ is normal, (iii) the normal parts of quasisimilar class\n$p$-$wA(s,t)$ operators are unitarily equivalent, and (iv) Fuglede-Putnam type theorem holds for a class\nclass $p$-$wA(s,t)$ operator $T$ for $0

The study was carried out to assess the effect of sewage water on arsenic, lead and cadmium accumulations in soil as well as vegetables and its link to health implications. A sampling of vegetables i.e. potato, radish, and turnip were collected in three replicates from different selected locations (Khanewal road, Jannat colony, and 6-Lat) in Vehari city. Results revealed that lead accumulation was high in potato as compared to other two vegetables i.e. radish and turnip having high health risk index and total hazard quotient values. Potato growing at Jannat colony location has high health risk index, total hazard quotient and translocation factor values due to significant arsenic concentrations. Cadmium concentrations were also high in potato. Arsenic, lead and cadmium accumulation were also significant in radish and turnip due to sewage water irrigation but they have minimum health risks as compared to potato. As sewage water has arsenic, lead and cadmium concentrations above permissible limits, it is evident that it is not appropriate for irrigation of vegetables, and application of untreated sewage water result in arsenic, lead and cadmium build-up in soil and ultimately transfer in edible parts of vegetables, so sewage water should be treated before used for irrigation.

This article describes how selectively anionic organic molecules could be removed from aqueous medium using naturally available gypsum adsorbent. Gypsum (GS: CaSO4.2H2O) shows strong interactions with anionic dye molecules while don’t show any affinity towards cationic dye molecules. We have shown the removal efficiency of gypsum taking chlorazole yellow (anionic dye) and methylene blue (cationic dye) as examples of adsorbates. The GS has been found to show even more effective over activated carbon in attaining CY removal. The experimental data were resolved using pseudo- first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra particle diffusion equations. Results shows best resemblance to pseudo-second-order equation with excellent correlation (R2 = 0.99) for the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were found to be best fit in Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, = 12.8535 mg g-1, at room temperature. The negative values of Gibb’s free energy change (ΔGo) suggests spontaneous nature of adsorption. Moreover, negative enthalpy change (ΔHo) indicates the exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The outcome could be exploited where anionic organic molecules are required to separate selectively.

ABSTRACT\nExtra virgin olive oil is used in food, cosmetics and in many pharmacological fields. The use of extra virgin olive oil in medicine has been increasing. In this study, the effects of olive oil on microbial growth were investigated. This study can be considered as a basic study to examine whether olive oil forms an environment for microbial reproduction when applied in its own form. When the literature was searched, no such study was found.\nIn this study, the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and E. coli on blood agar and eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar was investigated using extra virgin olive oil. Microbial reproduction was investigated in four stages. Microbial growth was not detected at these stages.\nAlthough these studies are not sufficient to tell the antimicrobial effect of olive oil, it can be thought that it inhibits the aerobic environment required for bacterial growth.\nIf the antibacterial effect of olive oil can be determined or proved to be no environment for the growth of bacteria, olive oil especially skin-related such as burns, open wounds can be used more safely and easily.