Purpose\nIn cancer patients, the effect of the body composition on prognosis is a new clinical area of interest. In patients with class 2 or 3 obesity (BMI >35), survival found to be worse control groups in a pooled analysis. BMI category is not truly representing body composition and hard to use to determine the true muscle and fat quantity. Computed tomography (CT) is a frequent method to determine body composition precisely. \nMethods\nAxial CT images, including all abdominal muscles (psoas, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum) external and internal oblique and rectus abdominis) total skeletal muscle area (SMA), was calculated. Besides, axial CT images of the body fat subcutaneous adipose and visceral adipose tissue distribution (VAT, SAT) areas were calculated in cm2 using threshold values of -30 to -190 for adipose tissue.\nResults\nEighty-four women included in the study. Most of the patients were normal or over-weighted. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the dominant histological subtypes, with 94% of the study population. The count of the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients was 11 and 68 respectively. Although the median OS cannot be reached at the end of the follow-up period for both sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients, the difference between groups statistically insignificant. The median OS was not reached for both groups, the difference between low and high TVAT groups was statistically significant. \nConclusion\nIn this study, we demonstrate sarcopenia may be seen in patients with breast cancer under 40 years old, and it may not have a prognostic effect.
In this research paper, novelty of randomly generated meshes will be discussed. The effect of statistical parameters that is skewness, standard deviation, correlation analysis and cell size discussed. Various mesh generation techniques for the numerical solution of PDEs have been proposed in literature. But the idea of randomly generated meshes is rarely used. This concept provides the motivation for the investigation of the effects of the randomly generated meshes. Thus inspiration and emphasis on the research is to examine the practicability of using the random meshes over uniform meshes. 2D PDE’s is solved over samples of randomly generated meshes and the feasibility of numerical solution is analysed by comparing simulation profiles.
Aim\nIn the present study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the inflammatory cell types at the microenvironment of papillary micro-carcinoma and the prognostic factors.\nMethods\nThe previous diagnoses and subtypes-variants of 163 papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma patients were re-evaluated according to WHO (2017) classification. The peritumoral lymphocyte, plasma cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, and mast cell density were classified as none (0.24 mm2), mild (0-10/0.24 mm2), moderate (10-50/0.24 mm2), and severe (˃50/0.24 mm2) under 40x magnification and the relationship with prognostic factors.\nResults\nThere was a statistically significant relationship between the tumor capsule invasion (p=0.024) and surgical margin (p=0.049) with mast cell. A statistically significant relationship was observed between tumor capsule invasion (p=0.0001) and postoperative disease-free period (p=0.0001) with neutrophil cell. The postoperative disease-free period of those with neutrophil was found to be statistically significantly lower than that of those with no neutrophil. The tumor diameter of those having no plasma cell was statistically significantly smaller than that of those with plasma cell (p=0.003).\nConclusions\nWe think that closer follow-up of patients with neutrophils, mast cells and plasma cells, which have been found to be associated with poor prognostic factors in terms of recurrence, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis, will increase survival.
The Société Internationale d\'Urologie (SIU) offers Training Scholarships for young doctors with basic surgical or urological qualifications. The objective of this publication is to create awareness for others to utilize the opportunities of the scholarship programmes provided by Société Internationale d\'Urologie (SIU) .
Small scale farmers, manure, an-organic fertilizers, red skin potato yields
Introduction: Gastric cancer is still the fourth most common type of cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the advancing treatment modalities, the mortality rate of gastric cancer is still nearly high as 75%. Therefore, research for alternative treatment continues. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, mushrooms have been exploited for their medicinal properties since early times. Thus, advanced search with the improving modern medicine has let the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals derived from mushrooms. The aim of this study is to determine cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of G. resinaceum ethanolic extract(GREE) on gastric adenocarcinoma(AGS).\nMethods: Total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) content of the GREE were measured by the photometric method. Cytotoxic effects of different GREE doses on AGS were determined by the luminometric ATP method, genotoxic effects were determined by Comet Assay, apoptotic effects were determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB) method. \nResults: TP and TF levels of the GREE were found to rise with increasing doses. It was found that low doses of GREE have proliferative effect and iROS levels for AGS cells up to 40µg/mL and had an antiproliferative effect after 40µg/mL. The apoptotic effect of the GREE was found to increase after the doses of 60µg/mL. A positive correlation was found between increasing intracellular ROS levels, DNA Damage, and apoptosis. \nDiscussion: To our knowledge, we are the first group to determine the anti-cancer properties of the GREE and showed G. resinaceum may be a treatment alternative or co-treatment for gastric cancer treatment.
Rare earth-based Heusler alloys are new materials and can be used for electronic and energy related applications. The Ag2GdSi, Ag2GdSn and Ag2GdPb Heusler alloys are studies using first-principles calculations of density functional theory (DFT) through linearized augmented planes waves (FP-LAPW) implemented WIEN2k code. The structural, electronic and thermodynamic investigations of Ag2GdSi, Ag2GdSn and Ag2GdPb Heusler alloys are performed. The details of lattice parameters, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, band structure and density of states are elaborated.
In the floodplains of the river Indus several road embankments have been failed due to the action of floods. The main motivation for this study is to analyse how much high floods a typical road embankment could sustain and to suggest remedies to prevent failure if the flood is exceptionally high. For this purpose, an 8 m high road embankment located in flood region of the Indus River was analysed for stability when subjected to 4 m and 7 m high floods. Numerical analysis was performed with finite element program PLAXIS 2D. The results showed that the road embankment was stable prior to occurrence of the flood. The road embankment became instable when it was subjected to flood water of 4 m. This implies that the road embankment might not withstand pressure of the flood water higher than 4 m. The analysis suggested that the road embankment could fail if the flood water is 7 m high. To stabilize the road embankment when subjected to 7 m high flood, rockfill berm was utilized on the downstream side. Optimization analysis was conducted to use minimum volume of rockfill in order to reduce costs. The findings of this study could be beneficial to practicing engineers involved in maintenance of road embankments in floodplains.
Lake Hemkund is one of the most crucial, sacred and massive size snow-fed lake in India. It is placed at a height of 4,170 m above m.s.l. The lake remains under freezed condition from September end to May end or sometimes June. Geologically, this is a tarn which is clogged by moraines with medium class depth. Devotees, tourists and wild animals are entirely depending on this lake to fulfill their water requirements. Water quality assessment of snow-fed Lake Hemkund was studied during the year 2018 and 2019 for which a total of nineteen water quality characteristics were observed to evaluate the health status of the lake. WQI methodology was also applied to evaluate the health status of water of Himalayan snow-fed Lake Hemkund. The recorded observations and WQI (35.63) demonstrated the “excellent” water quality of lake as per the given standards of WHO and ISO for drinking water.
The study has identified factors affecting the quality of youth movement activities at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism. To achieve this goal, we conducted a survey of 150 people participating in the youth movement in the survey area. The analysis of multivariate linear regression model identified 4 factors that have a significant impact on the quality of youth movement activities, including: (i) Capacity of the Youth Union officials, (ii) Mode of operation of the Youth Union, (iii) Funding for Union activities, (iv) Time spent for Union activities. On this basis, the study proposes several solutions to improve the Union activities in the unit in the future.