Abstract\nThe article deals with the methodological ideas of dialogue. It is stated that the dialogue, as a construct of understanding, is within the limits of constructivism to be the basis of the theoretical and methodological support of the spiritual development of a man. The attention is also focused on the functional purpose of the dialogue, namely on its definition as a goal (deliberately chosen image of the intended result) and as a mechanism of transformation of the world that infinitely creates new goals (goal-setting). Everyday dialogical communication outside the philosophical and non-scientific worldview positions of subjects often loses human activity and even makes it impossible for certain productive ways, means and receptions of interaction. In an effort to understand the world and another person, the person always faces new problems that require the abandonment of previous views, so the constructs allow you to gradually move in the world of objects by doing logical operations, interpreting them for mutual understanding.

Abstract. The article considers the content of the concept of “professional competenc” of a specialist through the competence that forms the basis for the development of standards for higher education and emphasizes the crucial importance of professional skills of future specialists.

The objective of present work was to find the bioactive constituents present in the leaf extract of S.racemosa and its in vivo antioxidant activity. The component identification was achieved by the GC-MS analysis. Healthy swiss albino rats were divided into five groups (n = 5). Group I (Normal Control) was served as control. Groups II (CCl4 Control) to V were injected daily with a mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (1: 1) at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg, i.p. for 10 days. Groups III (EESR50, MESR50, CESR50) and IV (EESR200, MESR200, CESR200) were treated with 50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. EESR, MESR and CESR respectively, for 14 days. The major phytochemical groups in methanol extracts were ester (23.42%), alkene(18.42%) and alcohol (13.47%). Likewise in ethanol extracts the major groups were ketone (12.78%), alkane (15.04%) and linoleic acid (19.3%). The major phytochemical groups in chloroform extracts were ester (36.15%). All these compounds identified by GC/MS analysis were found to possess a diverse range of positive pharmacological actions. Treatment with EESR, MESR and CESR (200 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days showed significant decrease in liver MDA and increases in CAT, and SOD levels, whereas EESR, MESR and CESR (50 mg/kg, p.o.) only increased CAT levels significantly compared with CCl4 control rats.Isolation of individual phyto-chemotypes and subjecting them to biological activity will definitely give fruitful results to find a novel drug. The results of the study showed that S. racemosa plant leaves contained significant potential of antioxidant activities.

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), a zoonotic bacterial pathogen, may cause diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Aims: In this survey, we analyzed the prevalence of STEC in samples of bulk tank milk (BTM) from milk collection centers of Aleshtar, Lorestan Province in west of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 raw unpasteurized BTM samples were collected from milk collection centers. The samples were assessed to determine the prevalence of STEC strains, using culture studies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: E. coli was found in 84% of BTM samples. Out of 84 E. coli strains, STEC was detected in 3 (3.57%) BTM samples. The PCR assay showed that 1 (1.19%) STEC isolate contained stx1 genes, while 2 (2.38%) contained stx1 and stx2 genes. Conclusions: As the findings revealed, raw milk is a potential source of STEC in foods.