Reaction of aspirin and aspartic acid terminal amines introduce a linker-traceless idea for amide bond formation under normal conditions, but the reaction mechanism is not clear. A systematic study by using the density functional theory with B3LYP level and the 6-31G(d, p) basis set was carried out to clarify transition states (TSs) of stepwise and the reaction pathways of concerted amide bond formation. Various stages that characterize electronic properties and structural in the reaction evolution are identified from reaction force calculations on the energetics of geometries achieved from intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) pathways.\nRelevant results indicate that the nitrogen atom belonging to aspartic acid attacks the carbonyl carbon of aspirin via the nucleophilic addition to forming an intermediate product via TS1 then undergoes a condensation via TS2 to produce end product 3 The reaction activation enthalpies were also predicted. The calculations have been performed us Eylaf612001 ing GAUSSIAN 09 series programs

The importance of a rational system of transportation planning and decision making has long been recognised in the urban context. Analysts have summarised the steps of urban transportation programming as consisting of (a) inventorying existing travel and activity patterns,(b) developing models of local transportation supply and demand relationships, (c) formulating options, (d) forecasting the effects of each option on travel, (e) evaluating each option on the basis of economic and other criteria, and (f ) implementation. Carrying out these steps requires an institutional arrangement for transportation planning and decision making under which consensus can be reached on goals and options and objective analyses can be undertaken (Committee for a Study of Intercity Passenger Travel Issues and Opportunities in Short-Haul Markets et al., 2016).\nAs espoused to by (Evren, 2001), Transportation planning goes through a basic sequence of steps which encompasses Problem definition, Definition of goals, objectives and criteria, Data collection, Forecasting, Develop alternatives, Evaluation and Implementation of plan. The task of harmonising both the problems within the transportation decision making process alongside the steps needed for achieving a working system lies within transportation models that provide forecasts for a complex set of problems that in some cases can go beyond their capabilities and original purpose (Evren, 2001). Transportation planning largely also rest upon certain factors such as journey time, distance, cost, comfort, and safety. Again, according to (Evren, 2001), “It is impossible to improve transportation through the conventional “passive” approach, in which the future demands are predicted by utilising the past trends. Planning the transportation system in a directive and “active” way would be a logical approach. It is difficult to realise this approach, but it has become obligatory” (Evren, 2001).

As a case presentation, the present paper aims to present a patient with pure embryonal carcinoma, which is rarely seen, together with the relevant literature. \nThe case is a 36-year-old male patient, who applied to the clinic with complaints of pain and swelling in the left testis. In the scrotal Doppler USG, hypoechoic solid lesion contoured to the lobule almost filling the left testis and having the size of 25x60mm were observed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the this case was diagnosed with pure embryonal carcinoma. \nAll the patients with complaint of pain-free mass in testis should be investigated. Although the pure embryonal carcinoma is rarely seen, it is one of the tumors that can be clinically and histopathologically confused with other testis tumors and should be considered for the patients applying to the clinic with complaints of pain-free mass in testis.

Abstract\nBackground: The present in vitro study assessed the effects of three different Stud attachments on the retention and strain energy in the mandibular implant-supported overdentures.\nMethods: Two parallel implants (Implantium System) were placed on the mandibular canines regions and a chrome-cobalt casting framework was prepared as the denture base. The implant fixtures were installed on the canine location and the pulling was performed by three orthodontic wires in the Instron machine with a speed of 0.5 min/mm. Dislodging forces were applied to the housings in two vertical and oblique directions on three different Stud attachments (Ball, Kerator, Positioner). All three wires were connected to the device in the vertical position while one wire was separated from the molars region in the oblique loadings. The retention of these three attachments was statistically analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance.\nResults: Significant differences were found between the attachments (F (2, 15) =33.01, p<0.0001). Furthermore, Retention forces in the oblique loadings were significant differences between the attachments (F(2,15)=175.10, p<0.0001). The effect size, calculated using eta squared, was 0.95, which is considered large. The strain energy was 4.08, 3.05 and 1.04 J for the Ball, Positioner and Kerator attachments in the vertical loadings and 4.05, 1.44 and 3.07 J in the oblique loading respectively.\nConclusion: The retentive forces and strain energy of ball attachments were greatest than other studied attachments in the vertical and oblique loadings.\nKeywords: Stud attachments, Retention force, Strain energy, Overdenture

Assistive robots are usually modeled without taking a dynamic model for the physical human robot interaction into consideration. In an attempt to acquire a more reliable model for wheeled robotic walkers, a coupled dynamic model of the walker and human is presented, and the robotic system is controlled such that the interaction force is minimized. First, a coupled dynamic model for human walking with a wheeled robotic walker is developed. The 2-D linear inverted pendulum mode (LIPM) is employed to model human walking coupled through a parallel linear spring and damper to the walker robot. A compound fuzzy controller is then applied to the dynamic model to generate a stable walking pattern of the human with walker. Next, to verify this model, the experimental results of three healthy subjects walking with wheeled walker are utilized. The robot is then controlled using another fuzzy controller which reduces the interaction force between the user and the robot. The controller performance is examined by defining meaningful performance measures. Seven distinct cases are considered for modeling possible disturbance forces and for evaluating the performance of controllers. The results indicate that the controlled robotic walker does not disturb the user’s normal walking pattern and reduces the interaction forces

Colistin is a potent antibiotic which is mainly preferred in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli. However, due to the increased risk of acute kidney injury following its use, the clinical application is limited. This nephrotoxicity is known to be induced by oxidative stress and related inflammation. In this study on rats, potent antioxidants dexpanthenol (DEX) and ascorbic acid (Vit C) have been administered in combination with colistin to find out whether they would weaken colistin’s nephrotoxic effects. It has been observed in the serum and tissue samples that DEX and Vit C decrease oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, therefore acting as nephroprotective agents. These compounds have been found to ameliorate the nephrotoxic effects of colistin, which were demonstrated in the rats treated with colistin as well as the combinations.