Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is grown in arid and semi-arid regions that are specified by high evaporation and low rainfall that lead to a reduction in the sesame yield. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of drought stress on some traits such as chlorophyll fluorescence (F0, Fm and Fv/Fm), chlorophyll a,b, relative water content, grain and oil yield of 20 sesame genotypes. Ttherefore, a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Field of University of Birjand, Iran, in 2013. Experimental factors was included two water levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation up to 200 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan as drought stress) and 20 genotypes of sesame (Dashtestan5, Dashtestan2, TS-3, Yellow white, Jiroft13, Ultan, Darab1, Darab2, Darab14, Safiabad1, Ferdows, Ahvaz, Sabzevar, Sirjan, PF3, Shooshtar, Fasa, Esfahan, Fars and Arak). Results indicated that drought stress reduced the Chla,b, Fm, Fv/Fm, RWC, grain and oil yield while an increase the Carotenoid and Fm. Since biological yield, thousand grain weights, number of capsules, grain and oil yield are the most important traits in selection the productive sesame. Therefore, Darab1 genotype with the highest level of these traits introduced as superior genotype in confrontation with drought stress and it can grow successfully in arid and semi-arid regions.