The ability of a business to plan, budget and manage organisational activities has a significant impact on how profitable the business is. The amount of cost must be cut to its minimum in order to maximise profit. Several studies concur that there is a link between effective budgeting practices and improved business success. The purpose of this study was to carry an analysis of the impact of budgeting, planning and control on performance of JMK trading. The focus was on the analysis of the effectiveness of budgeting at JMK trading. Several studies have asserted that budgeting presents organizations with a perfect opportunity to control cost and maximize profits but having adopted budgeting processes at JMK trading costs was not fruitful as financial performance did not improve. The study adopted a mixed research methodology hence data were gathered through use of questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that the objective of budgeting is to provide basis for planning, control activities and to control cost but overly costs kept on rising due to inherent factors that affect effective budgeting. The study concluded that economic oscillations, market turbulences, technological changes, financial illiteracy and legal constrains are the factors that affect effective budgeting, planning and control. Since the technological environment is dynamic, JMK trading should continuously consider training staff on the preparation of budgets, implementation, planning and on adopting control measures to keep up with the changes in the environment. When the works force is well trained considering recent developments then the successful implementation of budgeting and planning is inevitable and goals of MMFs of cost reduction and improved performance would have been established.
Sirtuins (Silent information regulators) are NAD+ dependent histone deacetylases and found involve in genetic/epigenetic variations of various physiological disorders. Recent studies have showed that deregulation/mutation in mitochondrial sirtuins play a major role in initiation of cancer. Till now no study has been published with respect to involvement of mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT5 gene in brain tumor. Present study was designed to screen the expression profiling of SIRT5 in brain tumor patients. For this purpose, 150 brain tumor tissue samples along with adjacent uninvolved healthy tissues, taken as controls, were collected from different hospitals of Pakistan. Expression analysis of SIRT5 was carried out using real time PCR (qPCR) and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Our results showed highly significant up-regulation of SIRT5 in brain tumor tissues (p= 0.006) compared to adjacent control tissues. Further analysis showed that SIRT5 up-regulation was more pronounced in glioma (p=0.0008) compared to meningioma, subtype of brain tumor. Spearman correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between SIRT5 up-regulation vs advanced grade of brain tumor (r=0.414, p=0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that upregulation of SIRT5 gene was significant associated with decrease survival of brain tumor patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis and ROC curve analysis showed the prognostic (wald= 4.54, p < 0.03) and diagnostic value (AUC= 0.94; p < 0.0001) of deregulated expression of SIRT5 gene in brain tumor. In conclusion, present study showed the correlation between expression variation of SIRT5 gene and increased risk of brain tumor in Pakistani population and can be used as diagnostic/prognostic marker for brain tumor patients.
Introduction. In dental schools, the suspension of traditional lectures and practical activities in the context of Covid-19 pandemic lead to a fully online process. The study aimed to assess student’s opinion about the efficiency of the new method, and to investigate their opinion about implementing some online teaching features even after this pandemic period would pass. \nMethods. A questionnaire was formulated in order to evaluate the students’ perception about the teaching methods used by the Faculty of Dentistry, which was distributed through email.\nResults. The answers of 208 students were analyzed. they were 157 women and 51 men, 119 were from Cluj County, while 89 were from other Romanian counties. Also, 102 of the students were in the 4th year of study, while 62 were still in the preclinical years (1st, 2nd, 3rd), and the rest of 44 of the subjects, were in the 5th or 6th year of study.\nDiscussion. 85.8% of the respondents were satisfied with the traditional lectures, 51.7% considered that online lectures are more useful than the traditional. 187 (88.6%) of the students were satisfied with the traditional practical activities, while 37 (16.1%) believe that online activities are more useful to them, 111 (52.6%), believed that they were able to communicate better with the teacher during the online lectures.\nConclusion. Overall positive responses were reported regarding the acceptability and usability of online learning. The students viewed online learning helpful as a supplement to their learning rather than a replacement for traditional teaching methods.
Flooding is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect the performance of plants. The effects of flooding height on the performance of the two species A.littoralis, J.maritimus were studied. This experiment was carried out the factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 8 replications. After 2.5 months of ultimate recovery tests were performed. The number and length of stolons of A. littoralis were counted separately in each treatment. The number and length of rhizome J. maritimus species in each plot (pot) were counted. The total weights of dry matter, shoot dry weight, dry weight of underground organs were measured in each experimental unit. Analysis of variance showed that the effects in controlling the height of flooding on all performance indicators studied (excluding the effects of flooding on root dry weight) of two species A. littoralis and J. maritimus is significant. Comparison of performance indicators A. littoralis species show between the two treatment groups (7 cm below the water level and water treatment) and treatment (treatment without irrigation and 15 cm below the water level) there is a significant difference. Comparison of performance indicators J. maritimus species show a significant difference in the number of rhizome, total length of underground rhizome and dry weight were observed. Comparisons of dry pasture species show the highest production of the two types of treatment 7 cm below the water level.
We develop a two phase approach to design a distribution network for the National School Lunch Program. In the first phase, the locations of food processing centers (FPC) are determined by K-means clustering method. In the second phase, we formulate a multi-objective mixed integer linear mathematical model to locate distribution centers. A goal programming model is presented for different weights of objectives. Economic analysis for a long-term future investment horizon is carried out through an extended formulation and a sensitivity analysis is conducted on different interest rates. The proposed model is implemented in a real life case study. The results show that the model is applicable to real-life systems and provides valuable information for decision-makers and authorities in setting their priorities and preparing action plans.
In this article, (1/G\')-expansion method has been implemented for traveling wave solutions of mathematical models that have a significant place in applied science, engineering and physics which are not an integer. With the help of this method, analytic solutions of the nonlinear generalized Zakharov system of equations (NLGZS) and the (1+1)-dimensional resonant nonlinear Schrödinger\'s Equation (RNLS) have constructed. These new types of solutions are complex hyperbolic and complex trigonometric. This method is an effective and powerful method for obtaining analytical solutions of partial differential equations whose balancing term is not an integer.
Introduction: Migraine is an increasingly significant health problem in children and adolescents. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. We aimed to investigate the correlation between migraine and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as an indicator of oxidative stress. \nMaterials and methods: Study population included 71 pediatric patients with migraine and 70 healthy control. The serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels were measured and the disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratios were compared between migraine patients and healthy children. \nResults: Native thiol levels and native thiol/total thiol ratio were significantly lower in the migraine group than the control group; whereas disulfide levels, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher in the migraine group than the control group.\nConclusions: High oxidative stress markers and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis are determined in migraine patients which may be a cause and/or a result of the disease. Further studies are needed to support the presence and importance of oxidative stress in pediatric migraine.
This study was designed to examine the Level of Polymerization of Sickle Cell Disease and Methaeglobin in the Presence of Paracetamol, the research was carried out using standard procedures. The present study has shown the level of polymerization of sickle cell disease and methaemoglobin in the presence of paracetamol. Within the experimental time of 30-180s, the relative polymerizations range between the following; 70.43 ± 0.87 to 72.10 ± 0.37 at the control (0 mg/dL), at 50 mg/dL, there was an increase from 65.78 ± 0.89 to 69.47±1.00, at 100 mg/dL there was an increase in the polymerization from 68.96 ± 0.99 to 72.33 ±1.02, at 200 mg/dL there was an increase in the polymerization from 65.96 ± 69.26 ± 1.00 and at 500 mg/dL, there was an increase in the polymerization form 66.05 ± 0.98 to 69.42 ± 0.92. This increase in polymerization can be said to be due to the increase in the absorbance of paracetamol. However, the absorbance of the polymerization mixture in the presence of the malarial drug was not significantly different (p<0.05) from the control sample at the 30second. The present study showed that the level of polymerization of HbS molecules was attenuated upon the introduction of the anti-malarial drugs in the polymerizing mixture. The percentage of methaemoglobin increases with the increase in concentration of paracetamol from 2.77 ± 0.05 to 3.30 ± 0.03 starting from 0mg/dL to 500mg/dL concentration.