This research was carried out in order to evaluate the physicochemical variables of public fountain waters with multivariate statistical methods between April 2019 and February 2020 in Sivas province of Turkey. In this context, 12 physicochemical variables belonging to 6 selected stations were examined. Average physicochemical values of public fountain water samples collected seasonally were determined as pH 8.13, ammonium 0.06 mg/L, nitrite 0.00 mg/L, nitrate 4.03 mg/L, chloride 8.16 mg/L, flouride 0.09 mg/L, iron 0.31 mg/L, potassium 28.12 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand 0.95 mg/L, total hardness 8.81 0dH, calcium 62.95 mg/L and magnesium 37.73 mg/L. The coefficient value of the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin test was analyzed as 0.627 and the significance value of the Bartlett�s test as 0.00. According to these two values, the data set was found adequate for factor analysis. Four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were determined according to the results obtained from the factor analysis. In the research 74.7% of the total change can be explained by these four factors. As a result of the research, significant similarities were observed between the structure obtained by rotated factor analysis and the structure obtained by cluster analysis. All of the 12 physicochemical variables clearly show that the fountain water samples in Sivas province meet international standards for drinking water. However, the quite low average fluoride value may create a risk of tooth decay for the local people who constantly consume fountain waters as drinking water in Sivas.
Background: Difference in insulin resistance and β-cell function between the subtypes of prediabetes (PDM) has rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance between patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and those with PDM diagnosed based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) alone (A1c-PDM). \nMethods: A total of 376 subjects aged 14–17 years were evaluated, including 274 patients with PDM and 102 age-matched non-PDM healthy individuals. Serum insulin concentration, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. \nResults: Patients with IFG had significantly higher HOMA-IR and significantly lower HOMA-B than those with A1c-PDM. A high HOMA-IR and low HOMA-B were 2.3 times more prevalent in IFG than in A1c-PDM (28.6% versus 12.5%, p = 0.003). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were significantly associated with FPG levels but not with HbA1c concentration. An elevated HOMA-IR resulted in a 2.2-fold increase in risk for PDM (odds ratio, 2.207; 95% CI, 1.532–2.894, p < 0.001); however, a decreased HOMA-B had no association with the prevalence of PDM. The ability of HOMA-IR to identify PDM surpassed that of HOMA-B (area under the curve, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.681–0.796 versus 0.613; 95% CI, 0.551–0.676, p < 0.001). \nConclusion: Patients with IFG might be at higher risk than those with A1c-PDM in terms of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Insulin resistance seems to contribute more crucially to the development of PDM than β-cell dysfunction in prediabetic adolescents.
Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. (Caprifoliaceae), collected from Küre Mountains National Park (Kastamonu Section), is reported for the first time for the Flora of Turkey. A brief description of the plant along with photographs and distribution map is given. Additionally, its taxonomic relationships with other closely allied taxa are examined and discussed.
The present study aims to interpret the morphogenetic factors which contributed to the on-coast evolution of NW Peloponnese.Detailed geomorphological mapping was performed using GIS oriented and traditional techniques as well as field work. Maps were created from DEMs and were compared to traditional maps, aerial photographs and Google Earth historical photos. The study area is characterized by the Olonos � Pindos formation. Alluvial fans of Quaternary age are the result of the flow of rivers Charadros, Selemnos, Volinaios and Foinikas, into the Corinth and Patras Gulf. During the last decades, the study area was subjected to human intervention and introduced an increased flooding risk while high coastal erosion is also present. Combined with high seismicity, the study area poses a great example for the risks of urbanization to be examined. The presented results are depicted as landforms on maps, according to the processes that formed them.
Abstract The negatively charged cartilage surface is supported by lamellar-repulsive and slippage lubrication. The surface amorphous layer (SAL) covers the natural surface of articular cartilage. The friction is largely associated with their charge density by electrostatic repulsion between the two cartilage surfaces. At pH 7.4 (±) 1 we observed stable and low friction coefficient
An approximate solution is obtained of the steady, laminar three-dimensional flow for an incompressible, viscous fluid past a stretching sheet using the Successive Linearization Method\n(SLM). The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using suitable transformations. A comparison between the obtained results with solutions obtained early in the literature and the numerical solution has been made to test\nthe validity, accuracy and convergence of the SLM. The effects of physical parameters on the velocity are determined and discussed.
Both ingested placenta and Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) are known to modify opioid\nactivity. The following mini-review highlights the similarities in the function of ingested\nplacenta and NPFF, and suggests that NPFF may be a key peptide mediating the\nCNS-based actions of ingested placenta. There is an advantage to understanding the\nmechanism of ingested placenta’s modification of opioid activity, in that such\nunderstanding may contribute to alternate pain-management strategies.