Background: Sources of variation in laboratory results can be pre-analytical, analytical and biological. Biological sources of variation are often used as factors for stratifying reference intervals. The aim of the study is to investigate the seasonal variation in red blood cells (RBCs), RBC indexes (MCV – mean cell volume; MCH mean cell hemoglobin and MCHC - mean hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes), haemoglobin (Hgb) and platelet counts (Plts) within reference limits and its dependence on sex and age.\nMaterial and methods: The research was carried out in UH St. Ivan Rilski, Sofia, for one year period (January - December 2022). Results outside the reference intervals are excluded. The following parameters are evaluated: RBCs, RBC indexes and Hgb in 13,197 men and 18,729 women, and Plts in 18,125 men and 21,018 women. Alinity hq, Abbott haematological analyser is used. \nResults: RBC and Hgb levels are higher in males (+9% and 11%, respectively). In women, a higher level of Plts is found with approximately 5%. It is observed a winter (November and December) decrease in RBC (in men - 5.8% and in women - 4.6%) and an increase in Plts in December - in women with + 4.2% and in men with + 3% compared to summer. Hgb increases slightly from August to December +2.7% for men and women. Gradually from September to December, MCH, MCHC and MCV are increasing in both sexes. \nConclusion: The changes in the studied hematological indicators provide an evidence that these fluctuations are not random but related to the seasons. Sex and age differences are also observed in the present study with no alteration in the seasonal variation.

Safety in schools and universities is essential to guarantee occupants\' protection from natural and human-made hazards. An existing building hazard assessment provides the scope to understand the vulnerability situation and recommend safety measures. This study was conducted on buildings within the University of Buner located in the Buner district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Two potential hazards: earthquake and fire, were considered. UN-Habitat Tools [1] was used for the Assessment of Safety for Multi Hazards. To assessed the seismic and fire hazards vulnerability, the university structures were assessed for four aspects: planning, architectural, structural, and non-structural It was identified that the building\'s safety compliance is only 43% as a whole and, in particular, 33% vulnerable to seismic risk and 27% susceptible to fire hazard, and requires rehabilitation measures to build the resistance and resilience od the structure to guarantee the safety of the occupants.

In this work, we evaluate a simple strategy to apply iteratively Leibniz\'s integration rule from elementary calculus to operative problems. Leibniz\'s integration rule (also known as the `formula for integration by parts\') is a relatively simple formula. However, some typical problems on the calculation of anti-derivatives require to apply this formula iteratively. Unfortunately, this process usually results in erroneous and time-consuming solutions due to the various applications of Leibniz\'s rule and the complexity of the calculations. The strategy proposed in the present work reduces the time employed to obtain the solutions of those iterative problems. Moreover, the procedure employed in this work is simple, it is easy to be described algorithmically and yields faster results. To show the efficiency of this strategy, we performed an experimental study with a group of undergraduate students majoring in engineering in a university. The capability of these students to use elementary integration rules was demonstrated through a preliminary test, and the group was divided into two subgroups. One of the groups was taught the traditional Leibniz\'s rule, while the second learned the strategy studied in this work. The results showed that the current approach yields decisively faster results than the traditional method.

The cities in Islamic countries with modernism’s arrival in the last century have faced significant functionality, body structure, and spatial organization. The construction of national streets, the system of living places in the city, mostly the bazaar, which is the backbone and the beating heart of Iranian cities’ economy, consists of the city’s significant or sub-orders impact town growth. The bazaar is one of the essential elements for protecting the identity and culture of society. Iran’s bazaar symbolizes urban life and the clearest sign of life in Iranian ecosystems. As a shaper of people’s identity, the bazaar has given a particular political, cultural, social, and economic role to society. The gradual change in the market has caused the market’s current position. In the past, commercial spaces were a place for people to communicate and trade with each other, thus facilitating financial and human needs. Later, with the migration and increase of the urban population, the industrial revolution, mass production, the problem of modernization, etc., the concept of shopping has changed in the city. However, under the influence of modernism elements such as imitation of Western constructions, the attempt to have a scattered and multi-core structure, the coherent and centralized construction of the historic city has given way to the contemporary decentralized and has gotten lack of identity. \nThe most critical components of modernism, the city’s physical-spatial structure, have been studied in this research based on library and field studies and in a descriptive-analytical manner. The research shows that Tabriz city was developed from a unique space organization and organ skeleton in line with a specific bazaar pattern, so there was a particular identity. This research intends to analyze the trend of urban growth based on the bazaar and the impact of modernism on the types of commercial centers, with a comparative approach to answer research questions.

The article discusses the physical processes, the related temperature dependencies of conductivity and the Zeebek coefficient in granular silicon and the influence of alkali metal atoms on them at a temperature of 300 K to 800 K. that the conductivity and Zebeck coefficient do not depend only on temperature, it depends on the crystal structure at the boundary of the two contacting regions, and the development of recombination centers in them with an increase in temperature. In the process of temperature growth, desorption of alkali metal atoms is observed, which leads to structural inhomogeneities of crystal lattices at the border of two contacting regions and at the same time increase in structural heterogeneity of crystal lattices of the desorption layer of alkali metal atoms, lead to electron scattering, which leads to a change in sign.

The article proposes a physical and mathematical method for studying the dispersion characteristics of optical fibers for designing fiber lasers. A laboratory prototype of a ring fiber laser, which generates a wavelength of 1550 nm and is planned for use in information systems and quantum cryptography, was developed using this method.

The article considers modern tendencies prevailing in the higher education system while training technical specialists nowadays. According to the authors, excluding the humanitarian courses from curriculum results in the complete dissolution of subjectivity in the impersonal world, which is deprived of ‘living’ knowledge, i.e., definite knowledge of a definite person. The application of such an approach is illustrated by the actor-network theory (ANT). While studying several works by ANT founders, it turned out to be clear that such an approach eliminates any differences between natural and humanitarian, engineering, and philosophical knowledge. As a result, the net emerges consisting of numerous actants and which requires from every participant his ‘building-in’ a model with the functions being delegated to him in advance. The article concludes that an ‘alive’ component is disappearing from the higher education nowadays when the main stress is being made on the knowledge acquired a priopi, not a posteriori.

Objectives: Serum creatinine is a substance which maintains the total skeletal mass and skeletal muscle plays an important role in physiology of insulin mediated postprandial uptake of glucose. The present crossectional study was conducted with an aim to assess the relationship between serum creatinine level (SCL), periodontitis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.\nMaterials and Methods: A total of 200 non smoker subjects, 20-60 years of age (mean age 46.6 ± 3.4), with minimum of 20 natural permanent teeth were included. Subjects were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group A: Systemically and periodontally healthy subjects, Group B: Systemically healthy with chronic periodontitis, Group C: Type 2 diabetes mellitus without chronic periodontitis, Group D: Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters and SCL were assessed in each subject. Multivariate linear regression analysis was done.\nResults: The mean serum creatinine level (SCL) was significantly lower in Group D (0.5 ± 0.1, p = 0.03) subjects compared to Group A (1.1 ± 0.2). Regression analysis showed every 0.1mg/dl increase in SCL was associated with 0.052 mm and 0.051 mm decrease in mean PPD and CAL respectively, after adjusting for other variables (p < 0.05). \nConclusion: Serum creatinine level is inversely associated with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inverse relation between creatinine and periodontitis may further worsen the glycemic control. And thus, a two way relation between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus exists.