Abstract: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a crucial component of adolescent well-being. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and competence of health vocational high school students regarding SRH, and to identify areas requiring targeted educational interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Davultepe Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School during the fall semester of the 2020–2021 academic year. Data were collected from 157 students using the “Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Students towards Sexual and Reproductive Health” questionnaire, which included 21 items on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the responses. The descriptive analysis revealed that mean Likert-scale scores ranged from 2.7 to 3.7, reflecting overall moderate-to-high levels of knowledge and agreement regarding SRH. Items such as 5, 12, and 17 showed higher means (M ≈ 3.7), indicating more positive attitudes, whereas items 4 and 6 demonstrated lower averages (M ≈ 2.7–2.8), suggesting persisting uncertainty. Most responses clustered around “Neutral” to “Agree,” confirming recognition of SRH importance but highlighting gaps in specific domains. Furthermore, 61% of participants reported that SRH was not openly discussed within their families, while 71.9% perceived sexual content in the media as negative or misleading. Despite this, 85% stated they had not experienced SRH-related health problems. Students largely acknowledged the significance of SRH education and emphasized the need for its earlier and professional integration into the school curriculum. Participants also expressed concern about sexually explicit content in the media, describing it as inaccurate and potentially misleading. These findings underline the necessity of structured, school-based SRH education beginning from secondary education onwards to address knowledge gaps and equip students with accurate, reliable information.